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Scoliosis due to a central or peripheral disorder of the nervous or muscular system is called neuromuscular scoliosis. This is the second most-common type of scoliosis.
Several nervous diseases that may cause scoliosis are poliomyelitis, cerebral palsy, meningomyelocele, and spinal injury due to trauma. Muscular diseases such as Duchenne’s may be apparent in early childhood or at later ages. Unlike idiopathic scoliosis, respiratory and sensory deficits are more common in neuromuscular scoliosis. In these patients surgical intervention may be necessary at earlier ages. Various genetic syndromic diseases are associated with scoliosis. Therefore, individuals with known syndromes should carefully be monitored for spinal deformities.